Utilization of Antibiotics in Nablus City-Palestine Pharmaco-epidemiological Study PDF |
| Hajjaj, Maram Zakareya Abdul-Allah |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Suleiman Al Khalil; Waleed Sweileh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Few studies have studied the frequency of over the counter acquisition of antibiotics in Arabic countries. In order to provide an insight into these practice we investigate the frequency of self –medication in Nablus city- Palestine and factors influencing this practice . Pharmacy based interviewed and observation data were collected from 9207purchares sampled from 24 privet pharmacy in the area. 1702 of 9207 customers purchased antibiotics without prescription (18.48) in a two week period . our data show that people likely to follow this practice are from low income families (workers and employee). Also data show that the risk of buying antibiotics without prescription was associated with education at university level. The perception that it is expensive to consult doctors and low satisfaction with medical practitioners. The antibiotics were mainly self-administered for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms particularly sore throat with community pharmacies being source of about 70% of cases. The study indicates the needs for educational campaigns on proper antibiotics use among Palestinian general public, also the need of other studies about this problem. |
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
Utilization of Antibiotics in Nablus City-Palestine Pharmaco-epidemiological Study
GIS as a Tool for Route Location and Highway Alignment
GIS as a Tool for Route Location and Highway Alignment PDF |
| Dawwas, Emad Basheer Salameh |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Sameer A. Abu Eisheh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Selecting best route location and highway alignment process is a complicated one, due to the many variables that must be taken into consideration for achieving the best results. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can easily model such variables, including topography, environment, built-up areas, and geology variables. This study took advantages of GIS capabilities that offer the ability to overlay maps, merge them, and perform spatial analysis on various layers of information in either two or three dimensions. In this study, a GIS model for route location and highway alignment was developed and used to generate alternate highway route applications. After these alternatives were preliminarily designed using CADD software (Softdesk 8.0), the model was used to analyze, evaluate, and then select the alternative with least impacts on environmental, economical, and political aspects. In this study, the GIS model was tested on an application that aims to select the best alternative of three suggested highway alignments. This selected highway is supposed to connect two major cities in the north of the West Bank (Nablus and Jenin). In this application, the advantages of the developed model was clear in the preliminary stage of alternatives generation where it was possible to avoid impacting of the different sensitive areas. In addition, a lot of information can be concluded once the user identifies a suggested route because the profile can be developed and drawn immediately. In final stages of analysis and evaluation, the model showed high capabilities in analyzing the impacts of each alternative, using buffering and spatial relations between the different features and the suggested alternatives, and then evaluating these impacts. The results of this study clearly showed the applicability and potential of using GIS as a tool in route location and highway alignment with least potential impacts. |
Role of the Arab Political System in Impeding
Role of the Arab Political System in Impeding PDF |
| Maha Sami Fuad Masri |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Professor Nayef Abu Khalaf - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 356 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
At a time when advanced societies seek to take hold of knowledge and its secrets and control its movement through a healthy ground, thanks to legitimate political systems’ help in fixing it, underdeveloped societies, including the Arab societies, are plagued with informational crises which have cost them a lot at the internal and external levels. This is attributed to the fact that their political regimes lack legitimacy. These regimes, by various means and methods, have imposed themselves. Their top priority is to remain in power and continue to rule. These regimes have totally neglected informational building of their subjects. The vision of the Arab political system has been based on rule: restriction of freedom and usurpation of rights. These regimes have long believed that freedom, if given to people, will pose a threat to them and to their survival. This restriction of freedom and denial of rights have been practiced under the pretext of maintaining order and law. In so doing, these regimes have censored all tools of information production and dissemination. The Arab regimes are truly living in serious crises. Of these are the crises of legitimacy and democracy and absence of political pluralism. These have allowed denial of rights and civil liberties of the Arab citizen, thus hindering his endeavor for knowledge. The informational building has been hard hit. One of the basics of this building is the exercise of political freedom and civil liberties by the citizen including freedom of thinking, expression of opinion in a way that allows the acceptance of the other’s opinion, and the possibility of opening a dialog with him to come up with an independent, objective, enlightened opinion, on the basis of which a constructive dialog can be initiated. This status quo of the Arab political regimes and their societies is now in a serious crisis: informational crisis. This has opened the room for foreigners to impose their agenda, and suggest reform initiatives, counting on language of threats. They are frankly pressing for their implementation. This study has proved that behind these schemes are bad intentions, propaganda and political interests. This study has endeavored to point out that the building or creation of informational Arab societies will not materialize through foreign reform calls and schemes. Rather, what is needed is national reform schemes that take into consideration political reform, first, through creation of legitimate political regimes based on public support, institutional democracy, freedom of opinion and expression and the right to access knowledge wherever it is without any restrictions or conditions. |
The Effect of Wall Discrimination on Political Development in the West Bank
The Effect of Wall Discrimination on Political Development in the West Bank PDF |
| Bilal Abdel Raheem Othman Jabr |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Prof. Abdel Sattar Qasim - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 196 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
This study consists of a preface and five chapters. The preface illustrates the problem of study which is represented in the influence of the Wall on the political development in the West Bank throughout its impact on the entry of this development with the existence of a state and strong, cohesive society. This is in addition to the effect of the Wall on the constituents supporting that entry; such as, the land and water ...etc. The first chapter of the paper consists 0f five sections, the first of which tackles the concept of the paper; such as, the wall of Separation where I pinpoint the various nominations of the Wall as well as the track, sections, dimensions, construction and components. The second section of this chapter handles the concept of political development where I wrote down different ideas concerning this concept. In the third section, I illustrated the borders of the West Bank through the pursuance of what is called 'Green Line'. In addition to that, I showed the primal terminals that the West Bank has sunnounted until the reaching of the status quo. Besides to that, I handled the geographical elements as well as the most important effectives on the demographic situations. The fourth section of part one is about the concept of the state. I took it up at different stages of time as well as various schools of intellect. The last section in chapter one talks about the concept of citizenship. This concept is looked upon as one of the basics of modern democratic state. The second chapter of the paper approaches the backgrounds of building the wall of separation; and it Consists of three sections, the first of which deals with the relates of the Wall with the Israeli settlement inside the West Bank here I concentrate on the targeted part in building the Wall. Then, I pursue the reality of settlement over these areas. and the second section. of chapter two tackles the intellectual background of Israeli settlement which has been established to construct the wall of separation simply. The third section of chapter two deals with the settling plans and projects which have been established just for the construction of the separation wall. The third chapter deals with the impact of the Wall on the most important constituents supporting the entry to political development and the extent of its effect on the land, the water and population. And this comes in two sections. The first of which deals with the influence of the Wall on the land in the West Bank. And it tackles the areas which the Wall intends to sever. In the same section, the paper talks about the impact of the Wall on the regional and demographic continuation in the West Bank. The second section discusses the status of water and its age in the West Bank. This section talks as well about the Israeli greediness in the Palestinian water throughout the series of Israeli procedures in the West Bank The fourth section deals with the effect of the Wall on the human activities in the West Bank due to the relevance of development with the whole aspects gathered together. This chapter consists of two sections; the first of which deals with the impact of the Wall on the freedom of movement in the West Bank simply because that freedom is of great importance to the whole activities of people there. I've tackled as well the procedures imposed by Israel against the Palestinians in the face of performing their life activities in the regions influenced directly by the construction of the Wall; especially, the system of permits. The second section in this chapter discusses the effect of the separation wall on the economic, educational and health needs in the West Bank. I've pointed out the influence in the economical dimension throughout my tackling of the Wall influence on the most important Palestinian, economical sectors; such as, agriculture. Yet, pertaining to the effect of the Wall on education, I've discussed the manner throughout talking about schools which the Wall has separated from the population as well as the suffering of students and staffs of teaching during their going to schools or universities that were affected by the Wall. Pertaining to the effect of the Wall on the health conditions in the West Bank, I've pointed out the effect of it against the Palestinians' ability to get the medical services at the time of their need for that. The fifth chapter which is the last one in the study consists of three sections; tile first of which deals with the strategic aims of the Wall; such as, preventing the establishing of a viable, developing, Palestinian state as well as the influence of the Wall on the demographic distribution in the West Bank between the Arabs & Jews. Then, I've discussed the target of the Wall in determining the final issues of negotiations; such as, the borders, water, settlements, refugees and Jerusalem. The second section in the fifth chapter consists of the study conclusions. And the third section of the same chapter consists of the study recommendations. |
Bases of Civilization, and the Elements of its Disappearance
Bases of Civilization, and the Elements of its Disappearance PDF |
| Ammar Tawfiq Ahmed Badawi |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Mohsin Sameeh Al-Khaldi - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 350 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract I've divided my thesis into a preface and four chapters. In the preface, I illustrated the lingual and idiomatic definitions of civilization and culture and showed the differences between them. In the first chapter, I talked about the elements of civilization and its bases and substructures only on which a perfect civilization is based. These bases are: belief in God, right dogmatic imagination, science and education, good deeds, morals, comprehensiveness, addressing all people, prosperous economy, peace and static political discipline. In the second chapter, I discussed the safety criteria for the continuity of civilization. These criteria protect civilization from deviation and protect it from vanishing and downfall. These appear in exhortation and calling to account, enjoining right conduct and forbidding indecency, and the consideration of God legislations. In the third chapter, I explained the elements that destroy civilization and cause it vanish such as disbelief ( apostasy), injustice, indulging in luxury, misdeeds and sins, superiority complex and oppression, inclination to materialism, and economical corruption. In the fourth chapter, I talked about the future consolidation of Islamic civilization, and I explained the truthful omens for this consolidation. Then I showed how The Islamic civilization is concerned with mankind and it continues through his existence. I dealt with the marks of the downfall of contemporary materialistic civilization. Finally I discussed how the Islamic civilization is the inheritor of all civilizations. God is the Lord of success |
Water in the Holy Quran
Water in the Holy Quran PDF |
| Fatama Mohammad Ayed Ebeedih |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Mohammad Hafez Alshraideh - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 202 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Water in the Holy Quran Prepared by Fatama Mohammad Ayed Ebeedih Supervisor Dr. Mohammad Hafez Alshraideh Abstract
Abstract Water in the Holy Quran is an objective research study prepared by Fatima EbedieK It is meant to discuss the Quranic verses that refer to water, The importance of this topic stems from the importance of water worldwide and the great number of theses verses which speak about water in the Holy Quran, This study includes an introduction to five chapters Chapter One: confirms the fact that earth is the real origin and source of water, Chapter Two: shows some aspects and causes of water fall, Explains and clarifies the verses that speaks about the surface water: the ruiiriing and still besides the shape and image of the underground water. Illustrates the verses about seas and shows clearly the greatness of Allah the creator through the miraculous scientific signs of the verses speaking about the sea. Chapter Three: clarifies the verses that speaks about the legal arid rightful rules that are related to water especially for ablution, washing.,. etc. Chapter four: states the utilities of water in general such as life hood of water the source of all living creatures the earth, mankind and all the other creatures. Expounds the role of water in nature and stresses the striking and baffling scientific verses that speak about mountains and how water colors them. Chapter five: illustrates the meaning of “strengthening and consolidation” by water through demonstrating the verses that discuss the cultural strengthening by victory. The stories of Noah and Musa (peace be upon them (l are mentioned as examples. ** This research also discusses the Arab water in general and the Holy Land’s in particular. ** Finally, it clarifies that the next war will be on water. Of research conclusions: 1. Water start forming from ground and it returns back to ground by exact certain cycle. 2. God’s throne was stable on water, it’s a matter that human can’t go through it to explain. So, let’s believe inso as written in Quran. 3. Water is been used by God as a tool of reward and punishment.
|
Ab-U`baidah
Ab-U`baidah PDF |
| Eihab Fawzi Tawfiq Al-Haji |
| Supervisor(s) |
| Dr. Adnan Milhim - |
| Discussion Commity |
| 949 صفحة |
| Abstract : |
Abstract Abu U`baidah is Mu`mar Ibn El-Muthana, the sponsor of Tayim Ibn Murrah who was from Quraish mainly the branch of Abu Baker El-sideeq who was also of Jew origin from Bajorwan. He was born in 110 A.H at the time of Abd-Allah Al-Mamun "D.218 A.H." Abu-Ubaidah was grown up in Al-Basra, then from there he travelleal to Persia then to Baghdad. He was with good relation with the Men of the Abasi state whom they had a role in arriving him to Baghdad. He went to their places read at them his books. His classifications were 158 books. Eight books remained: "El-Naqa`d", "Majaz El-Qura`n", "El-Khail", "Al-A`qaqah and Al-Bararah", "Tasmeyah Azwaj Al-Nabi", "El-Muhadarat and Al-Muhawarat", "Al-Ma`alim "and a peom for Abu- Ubaida ending with "L" Letter. He was treated from El-khawarij scholars. He took care of collecting their news, he maintioned their characteristics and titles, and he justified their protrusion on the state and he gave it a religious protrusion. I paid attention in this study for collecting their historical narrations which was narrated by Abu-U`baidah and which are kept in heritage books. He narrated about seventy six scholars who were distinct by their varied sciences. He took care also in predication, he used both the collective and the singular predication. Some of his marrtions were unpredicated. Fifty six pupils, who were distinct in their varied sciences, narrated about Abu-U`baidah, and he used to have a special seminar at Al-Basra Mosque in which he read on his pupils and answered their questions. Abu-U`baidah wrote the history from linguists points of view. He used to collect the narrations connected with a special event in one book, and he mentioned more than a narration about one subject. Not only was he a pure collector of narrations but he was also a critic of the text or the teller in which he interfered to reject or substitute or illaburate ice text. His way of writing was literate and narrative, his language was easy and clear, he used dialogue and illusion and so that gave his narrations attractive literate aspect. He took care throughout his narrations time, sites, Quran verses. Prophet's says, saying, reconcilement treaties, he tops, speeches and poetry elements. He studied widely he nor them Arab filed of narration comprehensively which left an effect on the choice school in that era and so most of the historians like Al-Tabari "D.310 A.H" and Ibn Al-A`thir depended upon him a lot "D.630 A.H. |